328 research outputs found

    Spatio-temporal dynamics of population structure for macro invertebrates families in a continuum dam - effluent - river in irrigated system. Volta Basin (Burkina Faso)

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    A monthly sampling of benthic macro invertebrates was carried out at the hydro-agricultural dam of Boura in the Volta watershed basin (Burkina) during the period of February through July 2012 in order to describe the structuring of insect succession along with changes occurring in habitats of this irrigated dam farming system. The samples of insects were collected from 6 stations located inside the littoral (Station I), the sublittoral (Station II), the sewage channel or effluent (Stations III, IV, V) and the Mouhoun River (Station VI). The sampling method employed is a conventional method by the European Union named ” Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE) ” recommended for the survey of benthic macro invertebrates. The survey reveals a community composed majorly of insects (more than 75%) variously distributed. On one hand at the shoreline and the coastal- adjoining zone in the dam, 23 families of macro invertebrates were identified; mostly belonging to the shoreline except for 10 families identified as endemic to the adjoining zone of the coastline. These two zones of the dam shelter the same malacological fauna consisting of the Unionidae, Lymneidae, Ampullariidae, Planorbidae, Valvatidae and Bulinidae families. The survey reveals otherwise that the differences between the Shannon biological diversity indices for these two zones were more pronounced during the month of July, the rainy period in the basin. On the other hand, concerning the dam-effluent-river continuum, a total of 35 families are sampled: 27 from dam water and stations near the irrigated zones; and 32 from the station of the sewage channel far from the irrigated zone and the river. The identification of individuals belonging to the family of the Baetidae and the Ephemerellidae (order of Ephemeroptera) in the river water highlights a subsequent reconstruction of the biodiversity in the river as the presence of both families is an indicator of fertile water. Further analysis on the spatial and temporal distribution involved 17 families out of the 35 sampled not common to all habitats. This lead to the conclusion that changes in natural habitats dictate the clustering patterns of macro invertebrates populations during the year long

    Inventaire et distribution spatio-temporelle des macroinvertébrés bioindicateurs de trois plans d’eau du bassin de la Volta au Burkina Faso

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    Une étude des macroinvertébrés dans deux lacs de barrages hydro- agricoles (Bama et de Boura) et dans le lac naturel de Bala a permis de mettre en évidence la distribution spatio-temporelle des macroinvertébrésbioindicateurs de la qualité des eaux. La collecte des échantillons a été inspirée de la méthode conventionnelle de la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau de l’Union Européenne (DCE). L’étude a permis d’identifier 26405 individusde macroinvertébrés répartis en 71 espèces et 33 familles au total sur les trois sites de Bama (25 familles), Boura (23 familles) et Bala (30 familles). Les polluo-sensibles ont été décrites au lac naturel de Bala : des crustacés de l’ordre des Cladocères et 7 familles d’insectes (Gyrinidés, Pleidés, Baetidés Ephémérélidés, Tabanidés, Cératopogonidés et Canaceidés). L’étude a noté la présence de l’espèce Hydrocanthus ferruginicollis (Notéridés) particulièrement dominante dans les retenues hydro-agricoles de Bama (30,52% des Coléoptères) et Boura (27,32% des Coléoptères) ; tandis qu’elle ne représente que 7,51% des Coléoptères récoltés dans le lac naturel de Bala. Cette étude considère que les polluo-sensibles et les polluo-résitants décrits respectivement à Bala et à Bama et Boura peuvent être considérés comme de potentiels bioindicateurs des plans d’eau du bassin de la Volta.Mots clés : Macroinvertébrés, distribution, bioindicateurs, petits plans d’eau, bassin de la Volta, Burkina Faso

    Acute toxicity tests of two herbicides diuron and atrazine on the beetle Crenitis sp in Volta Basin, Burkina Faso

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    Acute toxicity tests were performed on Crenitis spp (Coleoptera; Hydrophilidae) using two herbicides, atrazine and diuron in the laboratory. The experiment was to investigate the effect of high doses of these pollutants in individually and together for 12 h each on Crenitis spp a species that abounds during the dry period in the shallow hydro-agricultural waters reservoirs of the Volta Basin. Individual macroinvertebrates were collected from puddle areas of the shoreline of Bama Reservoir in the Volta basin. The dry period is the period of rest for agricultural activities at the reservoir. Tests have shown that the toxic effects of the two herbicides on the species of beetles can be enhanced when the both products act synergistically. For diuron, the effective concentration that immobilizes 50% (EC50) of the insects is 44.96 g/l only, but drops to 11.72 g/l in the mixture; while in the same order, atrazine shows 11.75 g/l only and then drops to 7.33 g/l in synergy. It is concluded from this study that works on ecotoxicology should consider the additive or synergistic effects of herbicides to define the bio-ecological traits of macroinvertebrate species living in frequently polluted hydro-agricultural systems

    Evaluation des performances agromorphologiques de neuf varietes ameliorees de riz de bas-fond (05 nerica et 04 sativa) au sud-ouest de la Cote d’Ivoire (Departement de Gagnoa, region de goh)

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    Le riz est la première cĂ©rĂ©ale consommĂ©e en CĂ´te d’Ivoire. La production nationale, estimĂ©e Ă  683 671 tonnes de riz blanchi en 2008, ne couvre que  la moitiĂ© des besoins de consommation. Pour combler ce dĂ©ficit, de nombreuses variĂ©tĂ©s de riz plus performantes ont Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©es ou sĂ©lectionnĂ©es.Les travaux d’expĂ©rimentation ont portĂ© sur l’évaluation de 09 variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es de riz. Ils se sont dĂ©roulĂ©s sur la station de recherche du CNRA Ă  Gagnoa. Le dispositif utilisĂ© est de type split-split plot, comportant 4 niveaux d’azote (0, 30, 60, et 120 kg N ha-1), trois niveaux de phosphore (0, 13, et 26 kg P ha-1) et 10 variĂ©tĂ©s de riz de bas-fond (5 variĂ©tĂ©s de Nerica, 4 variĂ©tĂ©s de Sativa amĂ©liorĂ©es et une variĂ©tĂ© traditionnelle Djoukèmin). Les variĂ©tĂ©s testĂ©es ont des cycles culturaux variables et compris entre 112 Jours Après Semis (JAS) Nerica L19 et Nerica L41) et 147 JAS (Djoukèmin). Les variĂ©tĂ©s Nerica L60 et Nerica L20, avec une moyenne respective de 170 et 160 talles/m² ont prĂ©sentĂ© un bon tallage. Les variĂ©tĂ©s Nerica L60, Nerica L41 et Sativa FKR19 ont eu un rendement de grains de plus de 3,3 t/ha sans apport d’engrais. Mots-clĂ©s : Riziculture irriguĂ©e, rendement, Sativa, Nerica, CĂ´te d’Ivoire English title: Evaluation of agro-morphological performance improved varieties of lowland rice Rice is the first cereal consumed in CĂ´te d’Ivoire. National production, estimated at 683,671 tonnes of milled rice in 2008, covers only half of  consumption needs. To fill this gap, in addition to the development of irrigated rice production, many rice varieties with good characteristics have been created or selected. Thus, experimental work on the evaluation of 09 improved rice varieties were carried out at the CNRA research station in Gagnoa. The device used is a split-split plot type, with 4 nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg N ha-1), three phosphorus levels (0, 13, and 26 kg P  ha-1) and 10 lowland rice varieties (5 varieties of Nerica, 4 improved Sativa varieties and a traditional Djoukèmin variety). The varieties tested have variable crop cycles and range from 112 days after sowing (JAS) (Nerica L19 and Nerica L41) to 147 JAS (Djoukèmin). The varieties Nerica L60 and Nerica L20, with an average of 170 and 160 tillers per square met with good tillering respectively. The varieties Nerica L60, Nerica L41 and Sativa FKR19 had a grain yield of more than 3.3 t/ha without fertilizer. Keywords: Irrigated rice cultivation, yield, Sativa, Nerica, CĂ´te d’Ivoir

    Dynamique des populations de Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi Clessin, 1886, dans le barrage de Dyoro en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso

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    Le suivi bi-hebdomadaire des effectifs de #Bulinus truncatus rohlfi et les mesures des paramètres physico-chimiques (pluviométrie, température, pH et conductivité) montrent que la dynamique des populations de cette espèce est dépendante de l'évolution de la température de l'eau. Cette donnée pourrait renforcer les méthodes de lutte contre ce mollusque hôte intermédiaire de #Schistosoma haematobium, parasite de la bilharziose urinaire au Burkina Faso

    Effet de la fertilisation azotée et phosphorée sur le développement de la Panachure jaune en riziculture aquatique en Côte d’Ivoire

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    La crise mondiale du riz survenue en 2008 a montré l’impérative nécessité pour les pays tributaires des importations comme la Côte d’Ivoire, d’assurer leur autosuffisance. La fertilisation minérale figure parmiles cinq axes stratégiques définis pour l’accroissement de la production rizicole en Côte d’Ivoire. Sachant l’effet stimulateur de l’engrais azoté sur le développement de certaines maladies telle que la Pyriculariose duriz, un essai a été conduit dans le but de savoir l’influence d’une application optimale de l’azote sur l’épidémie de la Panachure jaune du riz ou Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV). L’étude a été réalisée selon un dispositif expérimental en SPLIT-PLOT comportant quatre niveaux d’azote (0 kg N Ha-1, 30 kg N Ha-1, 60 kg N Ha-1, 120 kg N Ha-1), trois niveaux de phosphore (0 kg P Ha-1, 13 kg P Ha-1, 26 kg N Ha-1) et 10 génotypes de riz irrigué. Les résultats ont montré que le phosphore et l’interaction NxP n’ont aucun effet significatif sur l’épidémie de RYMV. A l’opposé, les analyses ont mis en évidence un effet significatif de l’azote sur l’incidence de la Panachure jaune à des doses comprises entre 0 et 30 Kg N Ha-1. Cet intervalle de doses étant en deçà de celui des doses recommandées en Côte d’Ivoire, l’intensification de la riziculture aquatique par unefertilisation azotée optimale, n’aura pas d’incidence significative sur le développement de la Panachure jaune. Il faudra cependant sensibiliser les riziculteurs sur l’intérêt d’appliquer des doses d’engrais recommandées dans la lutte contre la virose.Mots clés: Riz irrigué, fertilisation minérale, épidémie, RYMV, incidence

    Landscape pattern analysis using GIS and remote sensing to diagnose soil erosion and nutrient availability in two agroecological zones of Southern Mali

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    Background Soil is a basic natural resource for the existence of life on earth, and its health is a major concern for rural livelihoods. Poor soil health is directly associated with reduced agricultural land productivity in many subSaharan countries, such as Mali. Agricultural land is subjected to immense degradation and the loss of important soil nutrients due to soil erosion. The objective of the study was to diagnose the spatial distribution of soil erosion and soil nutrient variations under diferent land use in two agroecological zones of Southern Mali using the Geographical Information System (GIS) software, the empirically derived relationship of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, in-situ soil data measurement and satellite products. The soil erosion efect on agricultural land productivity was discussed to highlight the usefulness of soil and water conservation practices in Southern Mali. Results The results of the land use and land cover change analysis from 2015 to 2019 revealed signifcant area reductions in water bodies, bare land, and savanna woodland for the beneft of increased natural vegetation and agricultural land. There was signifcant variation in the annual soil loss under the diferent land use conditions. Despite recordings of the lowest soil erosion rates in the majority of the landscape (71%) as a result of feld-based soil and water conservation practices, the highest rates of erosion were seen in agricultural felds, resulting in a reduction in agricultural land area and a loss of nutrients that are useful for plant growth. Spatial nutrient modelling and mapping revealed a high defciency and signifcant variations (p<0.05) in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and carbon (C) in all land use and land cover types for the two agroecologies. Conclusions The study highlighted the inadequacies of existing feld-based soil and water conservation practices to reduce soil erosion and improve landscape management practices. The fndings of the study can inform land management planners and other development actors to strategize and prioritize landscape-based intervention practices and protect catchment areas from severe erosion for the enhanced productivity of agricultural felds

    Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

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    As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on Balanced Nutrient Management Systems (BNMS) has since 2000 been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project has tested and promoted two major technology packages, including a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice referred to as BNMS-rotation. This study employed Tobit model to examine factors that influence the adoption and intensity of utilization of BNMS technologies in the NGS of Nigeria. Results showed that less than 10% of the sample households adopted at least one of the two components of the technology package by the end of 2002. However, by 2005 the adoption of BNMS-rotation had reached 40% while that of BNMS-manure had reached 48%. A number of factors such as access to credit, farmers’ perception of the state of land degradation, and assets ownership were found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-manure while off-farm income was found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-rotation. Extension services and farmer-to-farmer technology diffusion channels were the major means of transfer of BNMS technologies.Adoption, BNMS-manure, BNMS-rotation, Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS)., Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

    Effet du paillage par des residus de pois d’angole (cajanus cajan l.) sur le rendement du riz (oryza sativa) pluvial en zone forestiere de Côte d’Ivoire

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    La riziculture pluviale, en zone forestière de la Côte d'Ivoire, est confrontée à plusieurs contraintes, dont, notamment la baisse de fertilité du sol et l'enherbement excessif. L'effet du paillage de Cajanus cajan comme engrais organique pour le riz pluvial, NERICA 1(Bonfani), a été évalué, en termes de rendement du riz. Cette étude a été conduite de 2003 à 2005 à la station de recherche du Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) de Gagnoa. Deux rotations, à base de riz, avec les jachères à C. cajan de 6 mois et de 12 mois ont été testées et comparées, à celle avec la jachère naturelle. La biomasse des précédentes jachères est restée sur le sol comme mulch. Les résultats montrent que C. cajan âgé de 12 mois a produit une biomasse sèche de 17 t ha-1, en moyenne sur deux ans contre 1,7 t.ha-1 en 6 mois. La rotation riz avec C. cajan de 12 mois a amélioré significativement le rendement du riz, avec un gain de paddy qui a varié entre 700 et 900 kg ha-1, par rapport à la jachère naturelle. En plus, cette jachère à cajanus de 12 mois a permis de maintenir un minimum de rendement 1t ha-1. Cette technique offre une alternative de gestion durable des systèmes traditionnels de riziculture pluviale
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